Trott returned to the Test side for the tour of the West Indies, 18 months after leaving the Ashes tour with a stress-related illness, but managed only 72 runs in six innings.
He said “This was a tough decision but I don’t feel my game is at the level needed to play for England. I was honoured to come back and play international cricket again and I’m disappointed it didn’t work out.”
The right-hander scored 3,835 runs in 52 Tests, including a century on his debut in the 2009 Ashes decider.
He played in two more successful Ashes campaigns and was named the International Cricket Council player of the year in 2011.
He thanked everyone who helped him and gave him the chance to represent England and thanked supporters for all their backing over the years.
South Africa-born Trott made his England debut in a Twenty20 international against West Indies in 2007, his first of seven T20s.